List Of Fictional United States Presidencies Of Historical Figures (V–Z)
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The following is a list of real or historical people who have been portrayed as
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
in fiction, although they did not hold the office in real life. This is done either as an
alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...
scenario, or occasionally for humorous purposes. Also included are actual US Presidents with a fictional presidency at a different time and/or under different circumstances than the one in actual history.


V


Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren ( ; nl, Maarten van Buren; ; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. A primary founder of the Democratic Party (Uni ...

* In the alternate history novel '' For Want of a Nail: If Burgoyne Had Won at Saratoga'' by the business historian Robert Sobel, Martin Van Buren was the leader of the Northern Confederation's Conservative Party in the 1820s and the 1830s and was the Governor of the Northern Confederation from 1825 to 1831. Unlike the Northern Confederation's Liberal Party, the Conservatives were poorly organized and had no basic political philosophy. Instead, they simply opposed Liberal policies. The Conservatives did have more popular support than the Liberals and they were able to gain a majority of seats on the Northern Confederation Council in the 1825 elections and Van Buren became governor. The Conservatives' manipulation of the banking system led to the Depression of 1829, which cost them their majority in the 1831 elections.


Clement Vallandigham Clement Laird Vallandigham ( ; July 29, 1820 – June 17, 1871) was an American politician and leader of the Copperhead faction of anti-war Democrats during the American Civil War. He served two terms for Ohio's 3rd congressional district in the ...

* In the alternate history novel "By Force of Arms" by Billy Bennett, Clement Vallandigham was elected President of the United States in the aftermath of the U.S. defeat in the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
. His policy was one of appeasement towards the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...
in the hope of luring them back into the
Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...
by diplomacy. His strategy was a disaster in that
Jefferson Davis Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...
took advantage of Vallandigham's perceived weakness by invading and annexing the southern half of the disputed
Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
/
New Mexico Territory The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of ''Santa Fe de Nuevo México ...
. In the aftermath Vallandigham was defeated in the next Presidential election by
William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...
. * Similar to the above, in
Ward Moore Joseph Ward Moore (August 10, 1903 – January 29, 1978) was an American science fiction writer. According to ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', "he contributed only infrequently to the field, uteach of his books became something of a clas ...
's novel "
Bring the Jubilee ''Bring the Jubilee'' is a 1953 novel of alternate history by American writer Ward Moore. The point of divergence occurs in July 1863 when the Confederate States of America wins the Battle of Gettysburg and subsequently declares victory i ...
", the Confederacy wins the
Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the Po ...
, wins its independence and imposes a humiliating peace on the rump United States, whereupon Clement Vallandigham wins the 1864 presidential election with the electorate turning sharply against the Republicans, held responsible for the disaster. However, Vallandigham's Presidency is haunted by economic crisis and galloping inflation, due to the reparations imposed by the victorious Confederacy. The US would be permanently crippled by the post-war crisis and left a backward country, and future generations would hold Vallandigham partially responsible. * In ''
The Difference Engine ''The Difference Engine'' (1990) is an alternative history novel by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling. It is widely regarded as a book that helped establish the genre conventions of steampunk. It posits a Victorian era Britain in which great t ...
'' by
William Gibson William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as ''cyberpunk''. Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s, his ...
and
Bruce Sterling Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American science fiction author known for his novels and short fiction and editorship of the ''Mirrorshades'' anthology. In particular, he is linked to the cyberpunk subgenre. Sterling's first ...
, the invention of a functional
analytical engine The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, which was a des ...
by
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage (; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer. Babbage is considered ...
in 1824 results in the early arrival of the
Information Age The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during ...
and the ascendancy of the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
as a
world power A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power inf ...
. British interference in North America in order to prevent the rise of the United States as a global power results in its fragmentation into a rump United States, the Confederate States, the Texan Republic, the
Californian Republic The California Republic ( es, La República de California), or Bear Flag Republic, was an List of historical unrecognized states#Americas, unrecognized breakaway state from Second Federal Republic of Mexico, Mexico, that for 25 days in 1846 ...
, the
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
Commune and a Native American-dominated 'terra nullius'. By 1870, Clement Vallandigham is mentioned as being the former Union president and acting as an uninhibited drunkard during a private dinner in
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
.


Arthur H. Vandenberg Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg Sr. (March 22, 1884April 18, 1951) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Michigan from 1928 to 1951. A member of the Republican Party, he participated in the creation of the United Natio ...

* Arthur Vandenberg was president from 1941 to 1945 in the 1939
Robert A. Heinlein Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accu ...
novel '' For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs''.


Jesse Ventura Jesse Ventura (born James George Janos; July 15, 1951) is an American politician, actor, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he served as the 38th governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2 ...

* Jesse Ventura is seen in the ''
Futurama ''Futurama'' is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series follows the adventures of the professional slacker Philip J. Fry, who is cryogenically preserved for 1000 years a ...
'' episodes "
A Head in the Polls "A Head in the Polls" is the third episode in the second season of the American animated television series '' Futurama''. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 12, 1999. The episode was written by J. Stewart Burn ...
" and "
All the Presidents' Heads "All the Presidents' Heads" is the twenty-third episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom '' Futurama'', and originally aired July 28, 2011 on Comedy Central. Plot Fry goes to his night job at the Head Museum where he feeds the preserve ...
" in the Hall of Presidents section inside the New New York Head Museum, implying that he served as President of either the United States or of Earth prior to the year 3000.


Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (November 11, 1922 – April 11, 2007) was an American writer known for his satirical and darkly humorous novels. In a career spanning over 50 years, he published fourteen novels, three short-story collections, five plays, and ...

* Kurt Vonnegut is president of the United Socialist States of America in
Kim Newman Kim James Newman (born 31 July 1959) is an English journalist, film critic and fiction writer. Recurring interests visible in his work include film history and horror fiction—both of which he attributes to seeing Tod Browning's ''Dracula (1931 ...
and
Eugene Byrne Eugene Byrne (born 25 February 1959) is an English freelance journalist and fiction writer. His novel ''ThigMOO'', and the story it was based on, were nominated for the BSFA award. His story "HMS Habakkuk" was nominated for a Sidewise Award for Alt ...
's ''
Back in the USSA ''Back in the USSA'' is a 1997 collection of seven short stories by English writers Eugene Byrne and Kim Newman, which was published by Mark V. Ziesing Books. The title is a reference to the song " Back in the U.S.S.R." by The Beatles. The stor ...
'', serving as a parallel to
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
.


W


George Wallace George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician who served as the 45th governor of Alabama for four terms. A member of the Democratic Party, he is best remembered for his staunch segregationist and ...

* In Mona Clee's ''Branch Point'' (1996), George Wallace is elected president (with
Curtis LeMay Curtis Emerson LeMay (November 15, 1906 – October 1, 1990) was an American Air Force general who implemented a controversial strategic bombing campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II. He later served as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air ...
as his vice president) in
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...
after the
assassinations Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have a ...
of
Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
,
Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
,
Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
and
Eugene McCarthy Eugene Joseph McCarthy (March 29, 1916December 10, 2005) was an American politician, writer, and academic from Minnesota. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the United States Senate from 1959 to 1971. ...
. In another alternate timeline in the same novel, George Wallace is elected as the 43rd President in
1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...
, succeeding
Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton ( né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and agai ...
. The novel was published in January 1996, indicating that the author may have believed that Clinton would lose the 1996 election. * He served one term (1977–1981) in the 1975 movie '' Tunnelvision'', and was succeeded by an African-American woman named Washington. * In the alternate history novel '' 11/22/63'' by
Stephen King Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high s ...
, George Wallace was elected president in
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...
in an alternate timeline created when Jake Epping prevented the assassination of his predecessor,
John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...
. Wallace escalated the
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
into a
nuclear war Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a theoretical military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conventional warfare, nuclear w ...
that precipitated numerous other atomic conflicts around the globe. On May 15, 1972, Wallace was assassinated by
Arthur Bremer Arthur Herman Bremer (; born August 21, 1950) is an American convicted criminal who attempted to assassinate U.S. Democratic presidential candidate George Wallace on May 15, 1972, in Laurel, Maryland, which left Wallace permanently paralyzed ...
. He was succeeded by Vice President
Curtis LeMay Curtis Emerson LeMay (November 15, 1906 – October 1, 1990) was an American Air Force general who implemented a controversial strategic bombing campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II. He later served as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air ...
, who was defeated by Senator
Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
of
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
in the 1972 Democratic primaries, winning in the 1972 election. Wallace's presidency was just one aspect of a denigrated timeline, far from the intentions of Epping or Al Templeton, the originator of the plot to save Kennedy.


Henry A. Wallace

* In the alternate history short story "News from the Front" by
Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed ...
, Henry Wallace was serving as vice president under President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
at the time of the United States' entry into
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
on December 11, 1941, as he was in real life. From then onwards, Roosevelt faced harsh criticism from and strict scrutiny by the American press. The press attacked the Roosevelt administration for not being prepared for the
attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, j ...
on December 7, 1941, as well as bringing on the attack by ignorantly imposing an oil embargo on the
Empire of Japan The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent fo ...
. As the war progressed, the press began to constantly second-guess the Roosevelt administration and to ponder the value of the war. Furthermore, the press revealed important American military secrets, questioning the morality of spying on the
Axis powers The Axis powers, ; it, Potenze dell'Asse ; ja, 枢軸国 ''Sūjikukoku'', group=nb originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were ...
, decrying the poor state of American technology and giving away planned attacks days before there were to take place, leading to their failures. More importantly, the
Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The U.S. Navy under Adm ...
(June 4–7, 1942) proved to be a complete disaster. During the first half of 1942, protests against the war began to appear throughout the country and a group of celebrities took it upon themselves to sail to Japan and
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
to offer peace. The
British Prime Minister The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern p ...
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
faced similar problems in his own country. Matters came to a head when Vice President Wallace broke with the administration and publicly attacked Roosevelt's honesty and competence. Calls for
impeachment Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...
grew louder throughout the United States and, finally, Congress began the impeachment process in June 1942. Although the story ends while Roosevelt is still president, it is heavily implied that he will be
impeached Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...
and removed from office and that Wallace will succeed him as the 33rd President. * The
GURPS Infinite Worlds ''GURPS Infinite Worlds'' is a supplement for the Fourth Edition of the ''GURPS'' role-playing game, published by Steve Jackson Games in 2005 and written by Kenneth Hite, Steve Jackson, and John M. Ford. It expands upon the campaign setting ...
game include the timeline known as '' Lenin-1'' in which Roosevelt maintained Wallace as his vice president when he was reelected in
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
; consequently Henry Wallace became president on April 12, 1945, upon Roosevelt's death. His passive stance (and that of his successors) against the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
resulted in the steady expansion of
Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
across the globe. By 1989, the isolated and malaise-stricken United States is essentially the sole remaining
capitalist Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...
country on the planet. Also resulting from Wallace becoming president in 1945 is the "Hell World" known as '' Lenin-2'' where nuclear war and unconstrained industry have combined to crash the
biosphere The biosphere (from Greek βίος ''bíos'' "life" and σφαῖρα ''sphaira'' "sphere"), also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος ''oîkos'' "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be ...
. * Wallace also played an unfortunate role in the history of another unpleasant
GURPS The ''Generic Universal RolePlaying System'', or ''GURPS'', is a tabletop role-playing game system designed to allow for play in any game setting. It was created by Steve Jackson Games and first published in 1986 at a time when most such systems w ...
timeline, known as Reich-5. In this timeline
Giuseppe Zangara Giuseppe Zangara (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized United States citizen who attempted to assassinate the President-elect of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on February 15, 1933, 17 d ...
succeeded in assassinating
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
in 1933. He was followed by
Garner Garner may refer to: Places United States * Garner, Arkansas * Garner, Iowa * Garner, Missouri * Garner, North Carolina Other uses * Garner (surname), a surname * Granary, a grain store * ''Tennessee v. Garner'', a United States Supreme Court cas ...
, Lindbergh and then Henry Wallace, who all proved unable to handle the
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
- finally leading to the far-right
William Dudley Pelley William Dudley Pelley (March 12, 1890 – June 30, 1965) was an American fascist leader, occultist, spiritualist and writer. Pelley came to prominence as a writer, winning two O. Henry Awards and penning screenplays for Hollywood films. His ...
being elected president in
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
, assuming dictatorial powers, and inviting the Nazis to conquer the US to help him against the pro-democracy resistance - ending with a totally Nazi-dominated world. * Wallace becomes president after World War II in the '' 2000 AD'' strip ''Hope:... for the Future'' by
Guy Adams Guy Adams (born 6 January 1976) is an English author, comedian, and actor, possibly best known for the novel ''The World House''. Adams is also a regular writer for Big Finish productions, who produce audio plays based on ''Doctor Who'', as wel ...
, set in a
film noir Film noir (; ) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the "classic period" of American ' ...
world where magic is real.


Earl Warren Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court presided over a major shift in American constitution ...

* In the ''Colonization'' series by
Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed ...
, Earl Warren served as President of the United States from 1961 to 1965. He was elected president in
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
and would be re-elected in a landslide over his Democratic opponent
Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
in
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
. He was in office when the
Race Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to: * Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species * Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...
's Colonization Fleet arrived at Earth in 1962 and ordered a secret attack using
nuclear missiles Nuclear weapons delivery is the technology and systems used to place a nuclear weapon at the position of detonation, on or near its target. Several methods have been developed to carry out this task. ''Strategic'' nuclear weapons are used primari ...
fired from a
satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope ...
that destroyed a dozen of the Fleet's starships. President Warren concealed his role in the affair for several years but the information was ultimately leaked to the Race in 1965 by Sam Yeager through Shiplord Straha, despite Warren's best efforts to silence Yeager through draconian extralegal measures. Fleetlord Atvar threatened war with the United States. Having seen how quickly and easily the Race had defeated Germany in the short-lived Race-German of 1965, President Warren knew he must avoid a war at all costs. Atvar offered two other options: abandon all space exploration for the indefinite future or allow the Race to destroy an American city. Warren knew he that must choose one of the two lest his country be destroyed and he would not give up the space program, a sign of his country's might and technological prowess. Consequently, he surprised and disappointed Atvar by allowing him to destroy
Indianapolis Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion ...
,
Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
. Warren then committed suicide in the Gray House, the presidential residence in
Little Rock, Arkansas (The Little Rock, The "Little Rock") , government_type = council-manager government, Council-manager , leader_title = List of mayors of Little Rock, Arkansas, Mayor , leader_name = Frank Scott Jr. , leader_ ...
, and was succeeded by his vice president,
Harold Stassen Harold Edward Stassen (April 13, 1907 – March 4, 2001) was an American politician who was the 25th Governor of Minnesota. He was a leading candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 1948, considered for a ti ...
.


George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

* In a parallel universe featured in the short story "
He Walked Around the Horses "He Walked Around the Horses" is a science fiction short story by American writer H. Beam Piper. It is initially based on the true story of diplomat Benjamin Bathurst, who mysteriously disappeared in 1809. It was first published in the April 1948 ...
" by
H. Beam Piper Henry Beam Piper (March 23, 1904 – ) was an American science fiction writer. He wrote many short stories and several novels. He is best known for his extensive Terro-Human Future History series of stories and a shorter series of "Paratime" alt ...
, General George Washington was killed in the Battle of Doylestown during the short-lived
rebellion Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...
of the colonies in
British North America British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English overseas possessions, English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland (island), Newfound ...
in the 1770s. He died in the arms of Baron von Steuben. A seemingly insane individual who claimed to be a British diplomat named Benjamin Bathurst maintained that the American rebels were successful in their attempts to achieve independence and that Washington survived. * In the short story "The Father of His Country" by
Jody Lynn Nye Jody Lynn Nye (born 1957 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American science fiction writer. She is the author or co-author of approximately forty published novels and more than 100 short stories. She has specialized in science fiction or fantasy acti ...
contained in the anthology ''
Alternate Presidents ''Alternate Presidents'' is an alternate history anthology edited by Mike Resnick, published in the United States by Tor Books. There are 28 stories in the anthology, including Resnick's own "The Bull Moose at Bay". The other remaining stories a ...
'' edited by
Mike Resnick Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He won five Hugo awards and a Nebula award, and was the guest of honor at Chicon 7. He was the executive editor of the defunct ...
, George Washington ran against
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...
in the first United States presidential election in 1789. In spite of the fact that Franklin was 83 years old and was rumored to have fathered numerous illegitimate children while serving as ambassador to France from 1778 to 1785, he was elected by the
1st United States Congress The 1st United States Congress, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1791, during the first two years of George Washington's presidency, first at Federal Hall in ...
on April 6, 1789, in part due to reservations voiced by prominent members of Congress such as
John Hancock John Hancock ( – October 8, 1793) was an American Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the ...
and
Charles Thomson Charles Thomson (November 29, 1729 – August 16, 1824) was an Irish-born Patriot leader in Philadelphia during the American Revolution and the secretary of the Continental Congress (1774–1789) throughout its existence. As secretary, Thomson ...
regarding Washington. They were concerned that it would set a bad precedent for the first President to be a general. Furthermore, Franklin's supporters stressed that he was well liked and respected by foreign heads of state friendly to the United States, had been prominent in matters of diplomacy and government at home and abroad and had already proven that he had the best interests of the nation at heart. Franklin was inaugurated as the first President of the United States in
Federal Hall Federal Hall is a historic building at 26 Wall Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The current Greek Revival–style building, completed in 1842 as the Custom House, is operated by the National Park Service as a nati ...
in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
on April 30, 1789. Franklin's vice president was
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
who had supported Washington in Congress, as had his second cousin
Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and ...
. During his tenure in office, President Franklin attempted to create a more democratic society and managed to live longer than he did in real life, serving until at least 1792. * In the
alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...
novel ''
The Two Georges ''The Two Georges'' is an alternate history and detective thriller novel co-written by science fiction author Harry Turtledove and Oscar-winning actor Richard Dreyfuss. It was originally published in 1995 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United King ...
'' by
Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed ...
and
Richard Dreyfuss Richard Stephen Dreyfuss (; born Dreyfus; October 29, 1947) is an American actor. He is known for starring in popular films during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, including ''American Graffiti'' (1973), ''Jaws'' (1975), ''Close Encounters of the T ...
, Colonel George Washington was part of a group of American colonists who met with
King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
in the 1760s and were able to put in place an eleventh hour agreement with avoided
revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
. Washington and the King were immortalized in a painting entitled ''The Two Georges'' by
Thomas Gainsborough Thomas Gainsborough (14 May 1727 (baptised) – 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British artists of ...
, which came to symbolize the friendship between the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
and the
North American Union The North American Union (NAU) is a theoretical economic and political continental union of Canada, Mexico and the United States, the three largest and most populous countries in North America. The concept is loosely based on the European Union, o ...
. In his later career as the
Governor-general Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
of the North American Union, Washington implemented a policy which halted the westward expansion of European settlement for some decades and gave a chance to certain Native American tribes such as the
Iroquois The Iroquois ( or ), officially the Haudenosaunee ( meaning "people of the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of First Nations peoples in northeast North America/ Turtle Island. They were known during the colonial years to ...
and the
Cherokee The Cherokee (; chr, ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯᎢ, translit=Aniyvwiyaʔi or Anigiduwagi, or chr, ᏣᎳᎩ, links=no, translit=Tsalagi) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, t ...
to modernize and keep much of their lands. For those reasons, he is greatly revered by Native Americans into the late-twentieth century. The Iroquois believed that he was the only white person to be admitted to their religion's version of
Paradise In religion, paradise is a place of exceptional happiness and delight. Paradisiacal notions are often laden with pastoral imagery, and may be cosmogonical or eschatological or both, often compared to the miseries of human civilization: in paradis ...
. Conversely, he is considered a traitor by the
Sons of Liberty The Sons of Liberty was a loosely organized, clandestine, sometimes violent, political organization active in the Thirteen American Colonies founded to advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. It pl ...
, a nativist, separatist terrorist organization. He is also the namesake of the Province of Washington (analogous with
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada, western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on t ...
) and an NAU car marque. * In the short story "Arnoldstown" by Mitchell Cummings, General George Washington died of
pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity ...
during the winter of 1777–1778, which led to the near disintegration of the
Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...
.
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...
eventually succeeded him as its commanding general, rebuilt the army and snatched victory from the jaws of near-certain defeat. After independence had been secured through the
American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...
(1775–1783), Arnold went on to be elected as the first President of the United States in
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...
. He was the most revered of all the Founding Fathers in later generations. The story's name is derived from the US capital in this timeline being Arnoldstown, D.C. with his name also being commemorated in the state of Arnoldia on the
Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (sometimes Cascadia, or simply abbreviated as PNW) is a geographic region in western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though ...
and numerous other place-names. * In
Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed ...
's ''
Southern Victory The ''Southern Victory'' series or Timeline-191 is a series of eleven alternate history novels by author Harry Turtledove, beginning with ''How Few Remain'' (1997) and published over a decade. The period addressed in the series begins during th ...
'' alternate history series, George Washington served as the first President from April 30, 1789, to March 4, 1797, as he was in real life. After the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...
achieved its independence in the War of Secession (1861–1862), U.S. historians continued to so regard Washington, alongside
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...
,
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
and
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
as the most memorable of presidents, though only Roosevelt was viewed in an entirely positive light. As a young man, Roosevelt admired Washington as a great leader. However, the general public did not always remembered kindly. Washington came from
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
, and after the War of Secession his popularity in the US suffered because of it – as did that of
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...
and
James Madison James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for hi ...
. Northern people in general preferred to remember Northern Founding Fathers such as
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
,
Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795. Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
and
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...
(whose picture appeared on stamps issued by the US occupation authorities in
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
). Nonetheless, the US rebuilt the
Washington Monument The Washington Monument is an obelisk shaped building within the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775–1784) in the American Revolutionary War and the ...
after it was destroyed during the
Great War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
(1914–1917). The Confederates were themselves saddened of the monument being destroyed in the war as well, as they were fond of George Washington, too. In fact, before 1920, the Confederacy esteemed Washington as a Founding Father as well but generally preferred their own founding fathers such as John C. Calhoun,
Jefferson Davis Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...
and Robert E. Lee. The Freedom Party in its earliest phase, while still under Anthony Dresser, used Washington's picture as an emblem, with the slogan, "We need a New Revolution". Jake Featherston, who considered Washington to have "sold out the South to the damnyankees" stopped that custom when he took over the party. Many Confederates did view Washington with some suspicion in the years after the Great War, but still thought of him as a Virginian first and as President of the United States second.
Washington University Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, and Clayton, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington. Washington University is r ...
in
Lexington, Virginia Lexington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,320. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines ...
, home of the Confederacy's effort to build a superbomb, retained its name and the statue of Washington that stood in the Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...
survived both Great Wars. Following the Second Great War, with the Confederacy dissolved and annexed by the United States, statues of Washington are left standing whilst those of key Confederate figures such as
Albert Sidney Johnston Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, figh ...
are removed by US occupation forces. * In
Michael Flynn Michael Thomas Flynn (born December 24, 1958) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general and conspiracy theorist who was the 24th U.S. National Security Advisor for the first 22 days of the Trump administration. He resigned in light of ...
's
novella A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels, but longer than most short stories. The English word ''novella'' derives from the Italian ''novella'' meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) facts ...
''
The Forest of Time "The Forest of Time" is an alternate history novella by American writer Michael Flynn (writer), Michael Flynn. It was originally published in the June 1987 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact, ''Analog'' magazine. In 1988, the story was nomin ...
'', in the late 1780s General George Washington took a personal interest in the Pennamite–Yankee Wars - i.e. the violent conflict between Pennamites from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
and Yankees from
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...
, both of whom laid claim to the
Wyoming Valley The Wyoming Valley is a historic industrialized region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The region is historically notable for its influence in helping fuel the American Industrial Revolution with its many anthracite coal-mines. As a metropolitan are ...
and sent rival groups of settlers to it. In a fatally misguided step, Washington placed a unit of the Virginia Militia, commanded by himself, as a neutral buffer between Pennamites and Yankees. This culminated with the Virginians being trapped and decimated in a crossfire, Washington himself being among those killed. When the news of Washington's death reached
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, where the Constitutional Convention was just convening,
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...
suffered a stroke and died, too. The convention broke up in consternation, and the
Constitution of the United States The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the natio ...
was never adopted and a Federal Government never created. The loose structure of the
Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
eventually disintegrated, with the Thirteen Colonies going each its own way as full-fledged nation states - except that the Yankees of
New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
did create their own more narrow confederation. In this situation, Yankee settlers - backed by the rest of New England - held on to much of the Wyoming Valley, their conflict with Pennsylvania further escalating. Eventually, two mutually hostile nation states emerged, possessing fully equipped regular armies - hereditary enemies which habitually and repeatedly go to war with each other. Posterity remembered George Washington as a talented general who won what was remembered as ''The War Against the British''. However, that war itself was remembered only as a temporary and ephemeral alliance, whose participants later often went to war with each other. Washington having been a Virginian, most people in North America thought of him as a foreigner and people in Virginia's neighbors thought of him as having been from an enemy country. * People in that history, speculating about "what might have been", fantasized that, had he survived, Washington might have made himself King of America and appointed Franklin as his Prime Minister, the two of them then launching a massive westward expansion of their Empire. * In the North American Confederacy Series novel
The Probability Broach ''The Probability Broach'' is a 1979 science fiction novel by American writer L. Neil Smith. It is set in an alternate history, the so-called " Gallatin Universe", where a libertarian society has formed on the North American continent, styled ...
by L. Neil Smith, the
Whiskey Rebellion The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a violent tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax impo ...
succeeds after
Albert Gallatin Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin (January 29, 1761 – August 12, 1849) was a Genevan– American politician, diplomat, ethnologist and linguist. Often described as "America's Swiss Founding Father", he was a leading figure in the early years ...
intercedes to help the farmers rather than the fledgling United States government as he does in reality. This results in the rebellion becoming a Second American Revolution and eventually leads to George Washington being overthrown and executed by firing squad for treason in 1794 and the United States Government being reformed. This included the
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...
being declared null and void, a new caretaker government being organized with all taxes being repelled in 1795, and the
Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 Colonies of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777) by ...
being revised with a much emphasis on individual freedom in 1797. After the war, Gallatin would serve as the 2nd and 7th president from 1794 to 1812 and from 1836 to 1840 with his actions later starting a
libertarian Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's e ...
state known as the
North American Confederacy The ''North American Confederacy'' is an alternate history series of novels created by L. Neil Smith. The series begins with ''The Probability Broach'' and there are eight sequels. The stories take place in a fictional country of the same na ...
in 1893. Despite this, Gallatin insisted that historians would still count George Washington as the first president. * In the novel ''
Tunnel Through the Deeps ''Tunnel Through the Deeps'' (also published as ''A Transatlantic Tunnel, Hurrah!'') is a 1972 alternate history/list of science fiction novels, science fiction novel by American writer Harry Harrison (writer), Harry Harrison. It was serialized i ...
'' by Harry Harrison, in which the United States lost the American Revolution, Washington was executed for treason. America remained under control of the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
well into the 20th century. Washington's descendant, a gifted engineer still living in the ancestral
Mount Vernon Mount Vernon is an American landmark and former plantation of Founding Father, commander of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States George Washington and his wife, Martha. The estate is on ...
, undertakes the stupendous project of a tunnel under the Atlantic which would bind America closer than ever to Britain. * In the alternate history series ''
The Tales of Alvin Maker ''The Tales of Alvin Maker'' is a series of six alternate history fantasy novels written by American novelist Orson Scott Card, published from 1987 to 2003 (with one more planned), that explore the experiences of a young man, Alvin Miller, who ...
'' by
Orson Scott Card Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is an American writer known best for his science fiction works. He is the first and (as of 2022) only person to win both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award in consecutive years, winning both awards for both ...
, George Washington is mentioned as "Lord Potomac", who served under the English crown during the alternate version of the
American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...
. However, he surrendered his army and was
beheaded Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the ...
for treason. * In the story "Paine's Paine" by Margaret Klein, conspirators led by the turncoat Thomas Hickey managing to kidnap George Washington in 1776 and deliver him to the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
commander, Sir William Howe. Transported by a British warship, Washington was taken to the
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
, to await trial on charges of
High treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
. However, the revolutionary
Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...
secretly traveled to
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
and with the help of British radicals effected a dramatic prison break. Paine and the freed Washington boarded a ship captained by
John Paul Jones John Paul Jones (born John Paul; July 6, 1747 July 18, 1792) was a Scottish-American naval captain who was the United States' first well-known naval commander in the American Revolutionary War. He made many friends among U.S political elites ( ...
, which eluded the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
and arrived triumphantly at
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
. Paine was venerated as a hero and appointed as Washington's second in command. Throughout the rest of the Revolutionary War the two of them together led the American forces. There was, however, a fundamental difference between Washington's conservatism and Paine's radical ideas, which came into the open once independence was achieved. Eventually, Washington and Paine became bitter political foes. Following the first presidential election in
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...
, Washington was elected President and Paine - Vice President, but there was increasing friction between them which culminated in a violent clash in August 1790. Washington was killed by a militia supporting Paine. He himself denied responsibility and expressed "great regret" at Washington's death. In the aftermath, Paine assumed the Presidency but was regarded as an illegal usurper by a considerable part of the American public and initially sought to mollify his opponents and reach a compromise, but in vain. After surviving three assassination attempts and facing several armed insurrections, Paine saw no alternative but resorting to increasingly harsh measures against his opponents. These tarnished his reputation and earned him the nickname "The American
Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...
". In the face of mounting opposition, Paine tried to rally his followers, including radical intellectuals and working-class crowds, around a program of thorough social and political reform. He had some successes but was assassinated in November 1792, after issuing a Proclamation for Emancipation of the Slaves which he did not live to implement. After Paine's death, there was a sharp conservative backlash, Paine's main supporters being arrested or fleeing to exile in
Revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
. The Electoral College, recalled into Emergency Session, elected
Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795. Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
as president. Hamilton swiftly proceeded to annul Paine's reforms and was re-elected president in 1793. Thomas Paine remained one of the most controversial figures in American history, some venerating him as a great hero and martyr while others regarded him as the most black of villains. At every crisis point in American history over the next centuries, from the
Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
to the
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
and the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: ...
, Paine's name and heritage were inevitably evoked yet again. * In the story "Under the Dark Cloud" by Abigail Stanton Wade, a fierce hurricane broke out during the
Battle of Long Island The Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights, was an action of the American Revolutionary War fought on August 27, 1776, at the western edge of Long Island in present-day Brooklyn, New Yo ...
, scattering the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
ships and drowning many of them, with devastating losses for the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
. Also many of the British troops on land were decimated by the storm, their commander William Howe being crush to death by a falling tree - while American troops escaped virtually unscathed. This outcome, coming at the very moment when the American Revolutionary cause seemed on the verge of losing
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
to the British, was widely perceived as an act of Divine Providence. During a mass Thanksgiving ceremony at the New York's Trinity Church, a preacher referred to George Washington as "God's
Anointed Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body. By extension, the term is also applied to related acts of sprinkling, dousing, or smearing a person or object with any perfumed oil, milk, butter, or oth ...
" - a usage which was soon taken up by others. With Washington winning several more notable victories against the British, a growing number of people started to seriously regard him as "God's Chosen", entrusted with "a Divine Mission". Washington cultivated this phenomenon for political purposes - but in the following years he seemed to start believing in it himself. The Washington
cult of personality A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader, Mudde, Cas and Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (2017) ''Populism: A Very Short Introduction''. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 63. is the result of an effort which is made to create an id ...
reached its peak when he brought the war to a successful conclusion in January 1779 - forcing the British to recognize American independence. The Constitutional Convention, held at 1782 in New York, was dominated by Washington and his supporters. The Constitution adopted provided for a President elected for life (and there was little doubt who it would be), a
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
whose members would likewise sit for life, and a
House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
elected by limited franchise. The "Washington Constitution" alienated many Democrats who withdrew in protest when the Convention failed to include a
Bill of Rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and pri ...
.
Gouverneur Morris Gouverneur Morris ( ; January 31, 1752 – November 6, 1816) was an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He wrote the Preamble to the U ...
, originally a friend and staunch supporter of George Washington, was repelled by what he perceived as Washington's increasing authoritarianism, arrogance and intolerance towards anyone who opposed him. Morris sought to promote a compromise between Washington and his opponents - but in vain. Soon after Washington assumed the Life Presidency, an armed rebellion broke out - which at Washington's order was put down with considerable brutality. Washington's opponents were driven underground - but after half a year, three of them managed to assassinate Washington. Thereupon, the United States was plunged into a full-scale
civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
. This was exacerbated by the British reneging on the agreement, launching a large-scale invasion of the US and attempting to put in place a puppet President. Forces loyal to
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...
succeeded in repulsing the British invasion and breaking up the last of the die-hard Washingtonians - but Jefferson was himself killed in the last battle. In the aftermath, Gouverneur Morris came to the fore in the efforts to achieve reconciliation - specifically, in convening a new Constitutional Convention. The Washington Constitution was scrapped. The new Constitution, much of it drafted by Morris, provided for a President elected for a single six-year term and ineligible for re-election, an elected Senate except for five Life Senators, and a Bill of Rights comprising thirteen articles. The new Constitution gained wide support and Gouverneur Morris was elected President by a large majority. He considered the furthering of reconciliation as his main task, and got nicknamed "The Great Healer". After his death, Congress bestowed upon him the title "Father of His Country" and resolved to count him as having been First President of the United States - the Washington Years being dismissed as "an interregnum". *In the novel ''Washington's Dirigible'' (part of the '' Timeline Wars series'' by
John Barnes John Charles Bryan Barnes MBE (born 7 November 1963) is a former professional football player and manager. He currently works as an author, commentator and pundit for ESPN and SuperSport. Initially a quick, skilful left winger, he moved to cent ...
), a colossal war is raging across countless
alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...
timelines, between a progressive timeline originating from a surviving Periclean Athens and an extremely oppressive slave society resulting from a
Carthaginian The term Carthaginian ( la, Carthaginiensis ) usually refers to a citizen of Ancient Carthage. It can also refer to: * Carthaginian (ship), a three-masted schooner built in 1921 * Insurgent privateers; nineteenth-century South American privateers, ...
victory over Rome. The Athenians send an agent to the 18th century who creates a new timeline by getting
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...
appointed as the tutor of the young King
George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
, resulting in making him a Liberal King, sympathetic to the aspirations of the North American colonists; also, many technologies and devices are introduced into the 18th century, such as railways, dirigibles, radio and electricity (as well as flush toilets). However, the Carthaginian "Closers" intervene, kidnapping the King and replace him by an authoritarian impostor. George Washington becomes aware of the situation and takes a major part in the struggle to save the rightful King George III and restore him to the throne, eventually setting the world back on the route to a progressive and forward-looking British Empire. Finding out that the Carthaginian "Closers" had plotted to make everybody in the world into slaves, regardless of skin color, makes Washington into an opponent of slavery and he emancipates his own Black slaves and hires them as free servants. Seeing things going well in his own world and no need to create the United States, Washington becomes a full time agent of the Athenians, undertaking dangerous missions at various alternate history timelines. Instead of becoming "Father of His Country", George Washington becomes the "father" of various countries in various histories which he helped free from the oppression of the "Closers". * Anton Tatarenko's dystopian book "Vive Le Roi! Vive Le Roi!" is set in Alternative History in which King
Henry II of France Henry II (french: Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I and Duchess Claude of Brittany, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder bro ...
avoided the jousting accident which in actual history led to his death, and had two more decades on the throne; he used the time to buttress the French monarchy, stamp out the
Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
"heretics" and build up the French armed forces. In this history, France avoided decades of devastating
Wars of Religion A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war ( la, sanctum bellum), is a war which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. In the modern period, there are frequent debates over the extent to wh ...
and established Royal Absolutism nearly a century before in actual history. By the late 18th century, the position of France as the dominant world power was impregnable - as was the position of the Absolute Monarch inside France. George Washington led a heroic but foredoomed last stand of British colonists in North America against the mighty tide of French troops pouring across the Atlantic - a decade after Britain itself succumbed to French conquest. Captured, Washington was taken in chains to the
Bastille The Bastille (, ) was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France. It was sto ...
in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, where he was summarily garroted along with
Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778) was a French Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Known by his ''Pen name, nom de plume'' M. de Voltaire (; also ; ), he was famous for his wit, and his ...
,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...
and others who had incurred Royal displeasure. Defiant to the end, Washington contemptuously rejected a priest's efforts to convert him to the Catholic Church. When facing the executioner, Washington with literally his last breath cried out "Long Live King George!" - not knowing that
George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
had already been secretly put to death in the basement of the
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
. He was buried in an unmarked grave in the slums of Paris. The terribly efficient ''Contrôleur royal des écrits et des livres'' (Royal Controller of Writings and Books) forbade all mention of Washington's name. In France, England and North America all records of Washington were systematically searched out and destroyed. Washington was only re-discovered when the French Monarchy finally fell in the late 20th century. The team of dedicated historians who researched the vast archives of the ''Chancellerie secrète'' (Secret Chancellery) in Paris and published the monumental 170-volume "Annales des siècles de tyrannie" (Annals of Centuries of Tyranny) came upon a detailed - though highly hostile - account of Washington's career, and a transcript of his words when questioned by the ''Inspecteurs royaux'' (Royal Inspectors). An attempt to locate Washington's grave and give him a fitting funeral proved futile, but his name was duly added to those inscribed on the tall ''Colonne des Martyrs'' (Martyrs' Column) erected in the center of Paris. * The "Book of The Reincarnated Hero" by Rev. Thomas Crawford, a major Scripture of ''The Church of Cosmic Renewal'', holds that George Washington was a reincarnation of
King Arthur King Arthur ( cy, Brenin Arthur, kw, Arthur Gernow, br, Roue Arzhur) is a legendary king of Britain, and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain. In the earliest traditions, Arthur appears as a ...
,
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...
,
Alfred the Great Alfred the Great (alt. Ælfred 848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh, who bot ...
, Richard the Lion Heart and
Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( – 28 January 1596) was an English explorer, sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer, and politician. Drake is best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580 (t ...
. His reincarnation as Washington was supposed to be his last stay on Earth, after which he was to go on to
Nirvana ( , , ; sa, निर्वाण} ''nirvāṇa'' ; Pali: ''nibbāna''; Prakrit: ''ṇivvāṇa''; literally, "blown out", as in an oil lampRichard Gombrich, ''Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benāres to Modern Colombo.' ...
. However, on his deathbed Washington asked the help of the wizard
Merlin Merlin ( cy, Myrddin, kw, Marzhin, br, Merzhin) is a mythical figure prominently featured in the legend of King Arthur and best known as a mage, with several other main roles. His usual depiction, based on an amalgamation of historic and le ...
to remain of Earth and be reincarnated a hundred more times, so that he could look after the United States and all of Humanity. His request was granted on condition that he never again in his later reincarnations hold any public office or position of power, never accumulate any great wealth and if joining an army, never rise above sergeant. By 1969 when the Book was first published, Washington had lived seventeen lives in various parts of the United States, most of them short lives ending with an act of noble self-sacrifice. In the Civil War and both World Wars he was a private in the US Army, in each case sacrificing his life in an way that went unrecorded in history books but had a crucial effect on the course of the war. The only one time when his activity became known to the general public was when he reincarnated as
Jack Ruby Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Leon Rubenstein; April 25, 1911January 3, 1967) was an American nightclub owner and alleged associate of the Chicago Outfit who murdered Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, two days after Oswald was accused of th ...
, killing
Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963. Oswald was placed in juvenile detention at the age of 12 fo ...
before he could be questioned because under interrogation Oswald would have admitted to being a long-time agent of the Soviet
KGB The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...
, and public indignation at this revelation would have led to a terribly destructive
nuclear war Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a theoretical military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conventional warfare, nuclear w ...
. Members of The Church of Cosmic Renewal are enjoined to regard any stranger they meet, however humble, as if he might be the reincarnated Washington, whom their Church regards as a Divine figure second only to Jesus Christ. * In the SCP Foundation entry ''SCP-2776 - Mr. President'', Virginia Colonel George Washington died of dysentery in July 1755, following the
Battle of the Monongahela The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, ea ...
. Washington's body was smuggled overseas into France where a scientist by the name of Dr. Jean Durand repurposed the corpse into an android with the original Washington's memories prior to his illness, and was equipped with nuclear weaponry and laser armaments in the event the
Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of Kingdom of Great Britain, British Colony, colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Fo ...
needed to be defended against overwhelming odds. Durand's assistant, Martha Custis, became the oblivious android Washington's wife to serve as its mechanic. The android lived Washington's life as known in history until its "death" in 1799, remaining deactivated until it was rediscovered in 2007 by the SCP Foundation and catalogued as SCP-2776. In 2009, SCP-2776 violently broke containment upon overhearing news about a recent buyout of an American telecom company by a British media company; perceiving this as the British Empire's conquest of the United States, SCP-2776 attempted to cross the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
in order to destroy
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
. After killing nearly two hundred SCP Foundation staff, SCP-2776 was critically damaged, incapacitated, and transferred to a new facility. * As recounted in Mary Crawley's novelette "Washington's surrender at Yorktown", in 1757 George Washington, officer of the Virginia Militia, rescued Lady Frances Morton, a young aristocratic woman captured in a Native American raid while visiting her relatives in America. She had been mistreated and repeatedly raped by her captors, and when rescued she had been on verge of committing suicide. A few days after being taken to safety, she discovered she was pregnant. Washington immediately offered to marry her and raise her child as his own. They were privately married by France's uncle, a clergyman, in whom she confided. Frances was anxious to leave "Horrible America" behind her and return to England. Washington resigned his militia commission and took ship with her. They went to live on the estate of Frances' father in
Kent Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
, which she inherited two years later. There was some gossip about the reasons for Frances' "hasty marriage", though only few knew the real story. Eventually, Frances' family fully accepted her husband and her aristocratic relatives got Washington a commission in the British Army. He served many years in
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, in 1765 drawing the personal attention of
Robert Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely credited for laying the foundation of the British ...
who entrusted him with delicate missions that he carried out with great success. He was praised for his ability to make good contact with Indian troops and getting them to follow him unhesitatingly into danger. He was rapidly promoted, eventually rising to general. On return to Britain, he was presented in court and praised personally by
King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
for his good and diligent work. Having been during his years in India cut off from developments in America, returning to Britain he became increasingly disturbed by news of the growing ferment in the North American colonies - very different from how he remembered the situation there during his youth. In 1774 Washington went across the Atlantic on an unofficial mediating mission. He met with prominent Virginians and other colonial leaders, but had no mandate from the British government to offer any substantial concessions, and his mediation failed. In 1775 Washington accepted, after some hesitation, a command in the British forces charged with putting down the North American Revolt. His attitude to fellow colonials that he had to fight was considered stern but fair. He had some notable successes, for example capturing New York City for the British Crown. But in 1781, the forces under Washington were besieged at Yorktown by the colonists' rebel army and its French allies. Eventually, Washington had no choice but surrendering to the colonists' commander,
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...
. In the aftermath, Washington spent several quiet years in the Kent estate, with Frances and their three children. Their firstborn, Daniel, who embarked on a military career of his own, was never told the true circumstances of his birth; fortunately, his facial features resembled those of the males in Frances' family. At the outbreak of war with France in 1793, General Washington was recalled to active service at his firm request. In April 1794 he commanded a British force which landed in Bretagne, to support the
Chouan Chouan ("the silent one", or "owl") is a French nickname. It was used as a nom de guerre by the Chouan brothers, most notably Jean Cottereau, better known as Jean Chouan, who led a major revolt in Bas-Maine against the French Revolution. Par ...
s - Monarchist rebels opposing the Revolutionary government in Paris. However, the unexpected approach of a far superior French force necessitated a quick withdrawal. Washington was on the shore, overseeing an orderly embarkation and making sure no British troops be left behind, when he was hit by the bullet of a French sniper. He was severely wounded and died soon after being taken on board a transport ship.
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...
, then on his second term as President of the United States, wrote to the grieving Frances: "Your husband, madam, was a fine man and a fine officer: competent, conscientious, courageous and honorable, a credit to his service. George Washington's unswerving loyalty to his King, as set against my own firm commitment to the cause of the Thirteen Colonies, made it inevitable that we had to fight each other, but nothing in the world could have made us hate each other. During all the years that we commanded opposing forces and tried our hardest to defeat each other, there was no rancor. We both did our duty as we saw it".


Daniel Webster Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents William Henry Harrison, ...

* In George Field's story "Daniel Webster's Road to the Devil", Daniel Webster avoids the accident which in actual history caused his death, and is elected president in
1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...
over
Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. He was a northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the nation's unity ...
and
Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...
. Vowing to "Preserve the Union at all costs" by strictly enforcing the
Fugitive Slave Laws The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of enslaved people who escaped from one state into another state or territory. The idea of the fugitive slave law was derived from t ...
, Webster attempts to crush the
Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. T ...
by setting up a network of spies and organizing extensive raids by Federal troops. One of these, at a farm in
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...
, develops into a large-scale firefight, leading to the death of dozens of Northern
abolitionists Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historic movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and liberate the enslaved people. The Britis ...
as well as escaped slaves. This precipitates secessionist agitation in
New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
. President Webster, setting out to reason with the Massachusetts Legislature, is ambushed by abolitionists on his way to
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
and assassinated along with his Vice President, leaving the presidential succession doubtful and hotly disputed. The New England states go ahead with formally declaring all fugitive slaves welcome in their territory – which causes the South to secede in turn. The US plunges into a confused three-way
civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
– exacerbated by large-scale Nativist riots, attacks on
Irish American , image = Irish ancestry in the USA 2018; Where Irish eyes are Smiling.png , image_caption = Irish Americans, % of population by state , caption = Notable Irish Americans , population = 36,115,472 (10.9%) alone ...
s and the burning of Catholic churches, which prompts the Irish to form militias and embark on violent retaliations. In the confusion,
John Brown John Brown most often refers to: *John Brown (abolitionist) (1800–1859), American who led an anti-slavery raid in Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1859 John Brown or Johnny Brown may also refer to: Academia * John Brown (educator) (1763–1842), Ir ...
and his radical Abolitionists succeed in seizing several arsenals, arming a large number of slaves and setting off several major
slave rebellion A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by enslaved people, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of enslaved people have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery or have practiced slavery in the past. A desire for freedo ...
s. After eleven years of total chaos, with widespread destruction and bloodshed throughout the country and no less than nine competing presidents setting themselves up at various locations, American leaders in 1864 appeal to
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
to help restore order. The war-weary population mostly welcomes the arrival of
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
troops. The
Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the ...
is annulled and the former US territories are united with
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
into the
Dominion The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire. "Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 1926 ...
of "
British North America British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English overseas possessions, English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland (island), Newfound ...
".


Adam Weishaupt Johann Adam Weishaupt (; 6 February 1748 – 18 November 1830)''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'Vol. 41, p. 539Engel, Leopold. ''Geschichte des Illuminaten-ordens''. Berlin: H. Bermühler Verlag, 1906.van Dülmen, Richard. ''Der Geheimbund der Ill ...

* Adam Weishaupt is the first President in ''
The Illuminatus! Trilogy ''The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' is a series of three novels by American writers Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, first published in 1975.''Illuminatus!'' was written between 1969 and 1971, but not published until 1975 according to Robert Anto ...
'' by
Robert Shea Robert Joseph Shea (February 14, 1933 – March 10, 1994) was an American novelist and former journalist best known as co-author with Robert Anton Wilson of the science fantasy trilogy ''Illuminatus!'' It became a cult success and was later turned ...
and
Robert Anton Wilson Robert Anton Wilson (born Robert Edward Wilson; January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was an American author, futurist, psychologist, and self-described agnostic mystic. Recognized within Discordianism as an Episkopos, pope and saint, Wilson ...
, after murdering and taking the identity of
George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...
. * Also ''The Secret Benefactor'' by Barbara Norden posits that Adam Weishaupt killed
George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...
and took his identity. However, as presented by Norden this was a well intentioned act, since the original Washington had planned to subvert the Constitution, suspend the
Bill of Rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and pri ...
and establish a hereditary monarchy, and only due to Weishaupt was American democracy maintained. Later on, in 1861 Weishaupt killed
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
and took his identity, since the original Lincoln did not intend to abolish slavery but was going to defeat the South and keep slavery intact - which would have led to a second and much worse Civil War twenty years later. A century later Weishaupt found it necessary to do it a third time, in 1961 killing
John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...
and taking his identity - since the real Kennedy would have started a
Third World War World War III or the Third World War, often abbreviated as WWIII or WW3, are names given to a hypothetical worldwide large-scale military conflict subsequent to World War I and World War II. The term has been in use since at ...
over the
Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (of 1962) ( es, Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis () in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day (16 October – 20 November 1962) confrontation between the United S ...
and killed most of Humanity. During
WWII World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Weishaupt thought
Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
was doing a good job and there was no need to interfere with him, and therefore Weishaupt turned his talents in the opposite direction - killing
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
and taking his place and as Hitler making a series of deliberate very bad decisions which greatly damaged Nazi Germany's war effort. In between, Weishaupt intentionally published a series of writings depicting himself and the Illuminati as evil schemers, in order to distract attention from what he was really doing. The book is written as a first-person narrative set down in 1997 by Weishaupt - extremely long-lived, but not an immortal - as he lay dying of old age at a secret Illuminati hideout in the Himalayas. Having found a worthy successor, who proved herself by acting behind the scenes to ensure a peaceful end to the Cold War and personally overseeing the breaking down of the
Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (german: Berliner Mauer, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and East Germany (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government ...
, Weishaupt charges her - or her own successors - with publishing his book "when the world is ready for it", but cautioning "This account is incomplete. The secret of some of the things I had to do had best die with me".


Kanye West Ye ( ; born Kanye Omari West ; June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer. Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West gained recognition as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the ea ...

* In the song "Black Friday" by
Kendrick Lamar Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter. Known for his Progressive rap, progressive musical styles and Social consciousness, socially conscious songwriting, he is often considered one of the most infl ...
, Lamar envisions a future where West becomes president. Under West's presidency, Kendrick would be allowed to receive oral sex in the Oval Office and play West's debut album ''The College Dropout'' inside of the White House.


Burton K. Wheeler

* In the
alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...
novel ''The Plot Against America'' by Philip Roth, Burton Wheeler succeeded Charles Lindbergh as the 33rd President in 1942. Wheeler was Lindbergh's running mate in the 1940 United States presidential election, 1940 election, elected as Vice President on an Isolationist ticket. Following Lindbergh's disappearance, he serves as President for eight days, a period marked by martial law and anti-Semitic rioting. Wheeler is eventually impeached but ultimately pardoned by Franklin Roosevelt (elected in an emergency presidential election concurrent with the 1942 midterm elections). * In ''The Divide (novel), The Divide'' by William Overgard, Burton Wheeler, running as the Isolationist Party candidate, defeats President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
in 1940 United States presidential election, 1940 on a pledge to keep America out of war after the Nazis force the surrender of the United Kingdom and France. After Nazi Germany, Germany has overrun all of Russia, both Germany and Empire of Japan, Japan attack and invade the United States in 1941. President Wheeler surrenders the United States to the Axis after a devastating bombardment of missiles from occupied Canada. The surrender takes place on April 20, 1948, Adolf Hitler's fifty ninth birthday. President Wheeler, Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall, and other U.S. Government officials are executed by garrote in a meat packing plant outside of Washington D.C. after being found guilty of war crimes. Wheeler does leave behind a secret installation where work of producing an atomic bomb continues, in the hope that it would eventually help in liberating the country. * In the short story "Fighting Bob" by Kristine Kathryn Rusch contained in the anthology ''
Alternate Presidents ''Alternate Presidents'' is an alternate history anthology edited by Mike Resnick, published in the United States by Tor Books. There are 28 stories in the anthology, including Resnick's own "The Bull Moose at Bay". The other remaining stories a ...
'' edited by
Mike Resnick Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He won five Hugo awards and a Nebula award, and was the guest of honor at Chicon 7. He was the executive editor of the defunct ...
, Robert M. La Follette, Sr. won the 1924 United States presidential election, 1924 election with Burton Wheeler as his running mate. La Follette was the Progressive Party (United States, 1924), Progressive Party candidate, defeating the Republican incumbent Calvin Coolidge and their Democratic opponent John W. Davis. He entered office as the 31st President on March 4, 1925. However, President La Follette's term in office proved to be short-lived as he died on June 18, 1925 (as he did in real life). Wheeler succeeded him as the 32nd President.


Hugh Lawson White

* In Burt F. Dealon's Alternative History novelette ''Liberate the Earth!'', the Reptile extraterrestrials of the Xiupograzixt Empire secretly intervened in the 1836 United States presidential election to unite the Whig Party (United States), Whig Party around the candidature of Hugh Lawson White and get him elected President, in the correct expectation that his insistence on limiting the power of the Federal government would weaken the US. This was part of various acts in other countries, such as assassinating
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
and having a weak and unpopular king (her uncle Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover) take the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
Throne in her place, overthrowing List of French monarchs, King Louis Philippe and plunging July Monarchy, France into a devastating civil war, instigating a civil war in Russian Empire, Russia as well, fabricating sexual scandals to discredit the Habsburg Monarchy and starting a split in the Catholic Church. All of these provocations helped "soften up" Humanity towards the open Xiupograzixt takeover in 1841, with Reptile warriors armed with energy weapons suddenly landing in all important world capitals. President White uncovers a human traitor in the Reptile service who had infiltrated his administration and served as a senior aide, and discovers to his chagrin that he had been unknowingly the Reptiles' dupe all along his Presidency. The President orders the traitor executed and himself stages a hopeless last stand in the White House, with a few remnants of the United States Army, US Army who had sworn to die at the President's side. As Earth becomes a minor Xiupograzixt province, with humans reduced to little more than expandable slaves for the Reptiles, Americans - and humans in other continents as well - secretly cherish the memory of President White as a great hero and martyr. When the Earth is finally liberated from Xiupograzixt oppression in the Liberation War of 1976, Revolutionary leaders inaugurate an monument for the heroic Last President at the site of the destroyed White House.


Harrison A. Williams

* Harrison Williams was a President in the 1960s in the timeline of
Robert A. Heinlein Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accu ...
's "Double Star". Not much information is given, as this is an event of the distant past for the book's protagonists. In 1956, when Heinlein wrote the book, Williams was a rising young politician, recently elected to the House of Representatives at the age of 34, and the idea of his finally achieving the Presidency was a reasonable conjecture.


Wendell Willkie

* Wendell Willkie was elected president in 1940 United States presidential election, 1940 (when
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
decided to not seek a third term) in the S. M. Stirling novel ''Marching Through Georgia (novel), Marching Through Georgia''. He led the United States into involvement in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. His vice president was Charles L. McNary. * Also in Anthony Dawson's novelette "The Smashing Wendell", Wendell Willkie is elected president in 1940 United States presidential election, 1940, unexpectedly defeating
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
. He leads the United States into involvement in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
after Pearl Harbor, as Roosevelt did in actual history, but has a very cold and hostile relations with Stalin, resents the need for an alliance with him and contemplates the idea of starting war with the Soviet Union directly after Germany is defeated. Re-elected in 1944, Willkie takes the decision the drop nuclear bombs on both Berlin and Tokyo as well as on five other German and five other Japanese cities, with a total death toll of nearly two millions, and intimidating the Soviets into conceding American military occupation of the whole of Germany as well as of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. At first hailed as a great victor and conqueror, public opinion increasingly turns against him when detailed information of the terrible carnage in the nuked cities gets published, and Willkie is more and more denounced as "a ruthless, heartless butcher". Also, in the post-war society Willkie undertakes very conservative Free Market policies, seeking to totally reverse Roosevelt's New Deal and among other steps appoints Ayn Rand, who worked in his campaign, as a senior economic adviser. This leads Willkie into a head-on, years-long confrontation with the Trade Unions, which he unsuccessfully tries to win by massive use of police and violent strike-breakers. In 1948 Willkie's attempt to win a third term totally fails. Eleanor Roosevelt, running with the pledge to Restore the Heritage of her late husband, wins by a landslide.


Woodrow Wilson

* In the alternate history short story "The Bull Moose at Bay" by
Mike Resnick Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He won five Hugo awards and a Nebula award, and was the guest of honor at Chicon 7. He was the executive editor of the defunct ...
contained in his edited anthology ''
Alternate Presidents ''Alternate Presidents'' is an alternate history anthology edited by Mike Resnick, published in the United States by Tor Books. There are 28 stories in the anthology, including Resnick's own "The Bull Moose at Bay". The other remaining stories a ...
'', Roosevelt was the subject of an assassination attempt carried out by John Flammang Schrank in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on October 14, 1912, as he was in reality. Whereas he was shot in the chest on that occasion in real life, Schrank's bullet missed him in the story. Running as the Progressive Party (United States, 1912), Progressive Party candidate, Roosevelt went on to defeat both Woodrow Wilson and the extremely unpopular incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft in the 1912 United States presidential election, 1912 election. Shortly after the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, sinking of the passenger liner RMS ''Lusitania'' by the German U-boat ''SM U-20 (Germany), U-20'' on May 7, 1915, President Roosevelt brought the American entry into World War I, United States into the Great War, resulting in the defeat of the German Empire by the Allies of World War I, US and its allies within less than a year. This made the United States a world power. In spite of this and the fact that the economy was experiencing a boom, Roosevelt was widely expected to lose the 1916 United States presidential election, 1916 election to Wilson. Although the story ends prior to the election, it is heavily implied that Wilson will indeed be elected and therefore take office as the 29th president on March 4, 1917. * In the short story "Ten Days That Shook the World" by
Kim Newman Kim James Newman (born 31 July 1959) is an English journalist, film critic and fiction writer. Recurring interests visible in his work include film history and horror fiction—both of which he attributes to seeing Tod Browning's ''Dracula (1931 ...
and
Eugene Byrne Eugene Byrne (born 25 February 1959) is an English freelance journalist and fiction writer. His novel ''ThigMOO'', and the story it was based on, were nominated for the BSFA award. His story "HMS Habakkuk" was nominated for a Sidewise Award for Alt ...
contained in the anthology ''
Back in the USSA ''Back in the USSA'' is a 1997 collection of seven short stories by English writers Eugene Byrne and Kim Newman, which was published by Mark V. Ziesing Books. The title is a reference to the song " Back in the U.S.S.R." by The Beatles. The stor ...
'', Woodrow Wilson was defeated in the 1912 United States presidential election, 1912 election by former President
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
, the Progressive Party (United States, 1912), Progressive Party candidate. Roosevelt became the last democratically elected President of the United States. Before he could take office, however, Roosevelt was assassinated in Chicago, Illinois, on December 19, 1912, by the marksman, sharpshooter and Exhibition shooting, exhibition shooter Annie Oakley while attempting to break up a labor strike with the help of the Rough Riders at the Chicago Union Stockyards. Consequently, Vice President-elect Charles Foster Kane, an extremely wealthy newspaper mogul, was inaugurated as the 28th President on March 4, 1913. During his presidency, Kane led the United States into greater levels of oppression, class division and bureaucratic incompetence and corruption. President Kane rigged the 1916 United States presidential election, 1916, defeating Wilson and the Republican candidate former president William Howard Taft as Roosevelt had done in 1912. By February 1917, Wilson had been assassinated and many believed that Kane's agents were responsible. Wilson came to be regarded as a martyr by those opposed to Kane's regime. The Socialist Party of America, led by Eugene V. Debs, gained considerable report among the disenfranchised populace and soon the unrest led to outright Second American Civil War. After the Winter Palace, storming of the White House by the Socialist faction on July 4, 1917, Kane was shot and killed by Oakley, as Roosevelt had been four and a half years earlier. This resulted in the establishment of the United Socialist States of America (USSA) with Debs as its first president. * In
Harry Turtledove Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He is a student of history and completed ...
's ''
Southern Victory The ''Southern Victory'' series or Timeline-191 is a series of eleven alternate history novels by author Harry Turtledove, beginning with ''How Few Remain'' (1997) and published over a decade. The period addressed in the series begins during th ...
'' alternate history series, Woodrow Wilson served as the 9th President of the Confederate States from 1910 to 1916, serving the maximum one term prescribed by the Constitution of the Confederate States, and led the country into the
Great War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
(1914–1917). Following the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria's Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, assassination in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, President Wilson affirmed the commitment of the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...
to the Triple Entente, Quadruple Entente with the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
, the French Third Republic, France and the Russian Empire, Russia, describing the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia as a case of a smaller nation being oppressed by a larger one. In his speech rallying the nation to war, Wilson reminded the Confederate people of the crucial role which Britain and France had played in the CSA's achievement of independence during the War of Secession (1861–1862) as well as their importance to its continued survival. He called upon the Confederate States to stand up against the "tyrannical" German Empire and the "bitter" United States, reminding the crowd of the "dark path" which the US had followed and that it was the CSA's duty to be a continuing force for freedom in the world by entering the war. By the middle of 1915, the Great War, expected to be over by the previous Christmas, had settled into a bloody stalemate in both North America and Western Europe. With only a few months left before the CS presidential election, Wilson was a lame duck (politics), lame duck. Nevertheless, he continued to rally the Confederate States while at the same time campaigning for his vice president Gabriel Semmes, the Whig Party (United States), Whig Party presidential candidate. By this time, certain quarters were of the opinion that Wilson had not prosecuted the war as vigorously as he could have. President Wilson left office on March 4, 1916, and was succeeded by Semmes as the 10th president. In September 1917, the Great War ended with the defeat of the Confederate States and its allies. Wilson lived the remainder of his life in relative obscurity. Following his death in 1924, he was buried in
Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...
, and was remembered with a certain fondness by later generations in the CS. * In the alternate history novel ''1920: America's Great War'' by Robert Conroy, Woodrow Wilson is running for a third term in the 1920 United States presidential election, 1920 election despite being bedridden. He has been praised for bringing peace to Europe as he acted as mediator for the Treaty of Princeton, and has since enacted strong Non-interventionism, isolationist policies in the U.S. and making budget cuts from the U.S. military, thinking that the world is finally at everlasting peace. However, the German Empire has greatly expanded its military influence almost unopposed across the world due to the reparations and military restrictions imposed on the Allies of World War I, Entente nations, which lost World War I in 1914. German Emperor Wilhelm II, German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II sees the United States as the only remaining nation that can threaten Germany, and has prepared a plan for war. By aiding the German-friendly Mexican Revolution, revolutionary forces of Venustiano Carranza, Mexico's government is overthrown and becomes a German ally. Mexico is then to be used as a staging point to launch a joint German-Mexican surprise invasion into the Southwestern United States with the goal of the Germans to gain the vast natural resources the Empire needs while Mexico tries to re-annex Mexican Cession, territory lost to the United States. After it is found that Wilson has died in his sleep, Vice President of the United States, Vice President Thomas R. Marshall is next in the United States presidential line of succession, chain of succession but formally steps down for not wanting the responsibility, and thus United States Secretary of State, Secretary of State Robert Lansing is sworn in instead. President Lansing is fully aware of the threat of invasion from Mexico and has the U.S. military desperately scramble a defense, but comes too little to late as the German Army crosses the Mexico–United States border, border into California and the Mexican Army crosses the Rio Grande into Texas. * In the 2013 alternative history docudrama ''The Great Martian War 1913–1917'', based on ''The War of the Worlds'' by H. G. Wells, Woodrow Wilson attempts to maintain American isolationism during a conflict in Western Europe between the Great Powers of Europe and invading alien forces thought to be from Mars. Although Wilson sends aid to the beleaguered European alliance, he loses the 1916 United States presidential election, 1916 election to Theodore Roosevelt, who had been organising American volunteer forces for the human war effort. * In the Alternative History timeline of Eva Hildiger's "A Different Austria",Eva Hildiger, "Ein anderes Österreich", Vienna 1992, translated as "A Different Austria", London 2001 in the late 19th-century Otto von Bismarck, Bismarck and his successors led Imperial Germany into a firm alliance with Russia, supporting Russian interests in the Balkan. This led to a rift between Germany and Austria-Hungary, reigniting their mutual hostility which had led to Austro-Prussian War, war in 1866. In the Great European War of 1912-1917, Austria-Hungary sided with Britain and France against the alliance of Germany, Russia and Italy. For years, a bloody trench warfare raged along the German-Austrian border, mostly static - the Germans getting nowhere near their objective of reaching Vienna, nor the Austrians able to make any headway in their drive towards Munich. However, the scales were tipped when President Woodrow Wilson took the US into the war in July 1915. A massive influx of fresh American soldiers reinforced the exhausted Allied troops on both the French and the Austrian fronts. Many of the American soldiers boarding the troopships were sporting Tyrolean hats, in token of "Solidarity with our valiant Austrian allies". By late 1916 the Germans and Russians were on the verge of collapse, revolutionary movements in both countries poised to overthrow Czar and Kaiser. In January 1917 Italy broke with its allies and declared a unilateral ceasefire. In February, Wilson succeeded in a brilliant, bold diplomatic coup: King Ludwig III of Bavaria - answering secret feelers put out by a personal emissary of the President - denounced his allegiance to United Germany and declared fealty to the newly enthroned Emperor Charles I of Austria. The defection of Bavaria broke open the front and made the German Army's position untenable, and Germany had no option but sue for peace - immediately followed by Russia. At the Portsmouth Peace Conference, the annexation of Bavaria by Austria was formalized, while France gained Alsace-Lorraine, the Ruhr and several other choice slices of German territory. However, with the firm support of the Austrians, President Wilson managed to restrain his French and British allies and prevent the imposition of crippling financial reparations, which the collapsing German and Russian economies were in no condition to pay. But in the later part of the conference, the roles were reversed, Wilson finding himself in an isolated belligerent and intransigent position when he pushed for creating an independent Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Kingdom of Poland. Wilson argued that that would be "A Debt of Justice" owed to the Polish people, Poles - since in 1915 they had, with Allied instigation, rebelled against Russian and German rule and were harshly repressed. Also, Wilson argued that establishing a Polish Kingdom would create a useful buffer between Russia and Germany and hamper their making a new alliance in the future. However, the British and French were very worried about the unfolding revolutions in both Berlin and St. Petersburg - which were already having an impact in their own territories, particularly a wave of very militant strikes in Scotland - and feared that making major new territorial demands might push radical Marxists to power in both countries. At the end, Wilson's desperate pleas, "Don't abandon Poland!", were of no avail. Germany and Russia emerged from Portsmouth retaining the Polish territories under their rule, this achievement bolstering to some degree the relatively moderate Social Democratic governments in both countries. As a sop to Polish National feeling, Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria was declared "Regent" of the to-be-created (once upon a time) Kingdom of Poland and installed in a glittering Lviv Court, with a special autonomous status granted to Austrian-ruled Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia. Wilson - ridiculed in the press as "Polish Wilson" and "Slavic honorifics, Pan Woodrow" - denounced this step as "a sad joke", causing a sharp confrontation with Emperor Charles, with whom Wilson had hitherto been on good terms. A public exchange of words between President and Emperor in the Portsmouth conference hall deteriorated into a highly unseemly shouting match - when suddenly President Wilson suffered a severe stroke and collapsed. He was taken back to the US in a hospital ship. Though living another two years, Wilson was a President in name only. The unsolved Polish Problem continued to fester, and would directly ignite a new war in 1937 - long after Wilson's death.


Oprah Winfrey

* Oprah Winfrey referenced as being President in 2030 in an episode of the short-lived science-fiction lawyer show ''Century City (television), Century City''. * In the alternate history episode of ''The Boondocks (TV series), The Boondocks'' ''Return of the King (Boondocks episode), Return of the King'', Oprah Winfrey is elected president in 2020 United States presidential election, 2020 around the same time Martin Luther King Jr. (who survived his Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., assassination attempt in 1968) died in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 91.


Ed Wood

* In a parallel universe (fiction), parallel universe featured in the ''Sliders (TV series), Sliders'' Season Two premiere "Into the Mystic" in which the United States was ruled by a commercial empire run by a mysterious sorcerer, Ed Wood served as President prior to 1996, by which time he had died. He was considered one of the greatest Presidents in US history.


Victoria Woodhull

* In the
alternate history Alternate history (also alternative history, althist, AH) is a genre of speculative fiction of stories in which one or more historical events occur and are resolved differently than in real life. As conjecture based upon historical fact, altern ...
short story "We are Not Amused" by Laura Resnick contained in the anthology ''
Alternate Presidents ''Alternate Presidents'' is an alternate history anthology edited by Mike Resnick, published in the United States by Tor Books. There are 28 stories in the anthology, including Resnick's own "The Bull Moose at Bay". The other remaining stories a ...
'' edited by
Mike Resnick Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He won five Hugo awards and a Nebula award, and was the guest of honor at Chicon 7. He was the executive editor of the defunct ...
, Victoria Woodhull was elected as the 19th President in 1872 United States presidential election, 1872, defeating her Democratic opponent Horace Greeley after a Amendments to the United States Constitution, constitutional amendment restricted her predecessor Ulysses S. Grant to one term. President Woodhull, the first woman to hold the office, ran for the National Equal Rights Party, Equal Rights Party with the former slave and prominent Abolitionism in the United States, abolitionist Frederick Douglass as her running mate. Consequently, Douglass became the first African American to hold the office of Vice President of the United States, Vice President. Shortly after her election, Woodhull began a correspondence with her namesake, the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
monarch
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
. Although the Queen was pleased to hear that President Woodhull had been acquitted of obscenity charges, she expressed dismay at the President's decision to appoint her younger sister Tennessee Celeste Claflin as Surgeon General of the United States, Surgeon General, given that her medical practices had led to her being indicted for manslaughter in 1864. Furthermore, the Queen was both shocked and bewildered to learn that President Woodhull was in fact married to Colonel James Blood and not Canning Woodhull as she had previously believed. In spite of this, the President's former husband lived with her and her second husband in the White House. Given this complicated arrangement, Queen Victoria agreed with Woodhull's assessment that it would be wiser to accept advice from neither of her husbands for the time being. As time passed, however, the Queen began to greatly disapprove of the so-called reforms being implemented by the Woodhull administration. She took particular umbrage with the concept of free love, believing that it would lead to the breakdown of the family, and the proposed legalization of prostitution. While the Queen acknowledged that she could not prevent President Woodhull from following this course of action, she firmly resisted the President's attempts to convince her to adopt these positions herself. Queen Victoria was equally contemptuous of the Secretary of Reproductive Freedom's mandate to supervise research and legislation regarding abortion and birth control. She also expressed dismay at the attire of the new United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, American ambassador to the Court of St. James as her short skirt exposed a considerable portion of her limbs, which the Queen claimed caused the Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone great excitement. Within several years, the changing morals and mores of American society spread to the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
and even to the British Royal Family, Royal Family itself. In 1875, Queen Victoria's eldest son and heir apparent Edward VII, Albert, Prince of Wales abandoned his wife Alexandra of Denmark, Princess Alexandra as he had chosen to practice free love in the American manner, which he regarded as "a charming and thoroughly civilized custom." For her part, Princess Alexandra objected until being informed by the American ambassador that free love was her right as well. This led to the Princess becoming the constant companion of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, whose more recent work lacked the moral character for which he had previously been known. The Queen's youngest daughters, Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, Princess Beatrice, habitually wore the style of short skirt worn by American representatives at court. Thousands upon thousands of young women soon followed suit, many of them establishing "rebellious musical groups which [played] Spanish and African instruments." The Duke of York's eldest son left home to live with the Native American tribes which were beginning to settle in the eastern United States whereas young men in Trafalgar Square had begun wearing their hair in the Mohawk hairstyle, style of the Mohawk people and protesting the British government's involvement in British Raj, India and South Africa. Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, women's suffrage was becoming a major political issue with women besieging 10 Downing Street on a daily basis demanding not only the right to vote but the right to apply for men's jobs and earn equal wages and the right to paid maternity leave. This had led to widespread factory strikes across the United Kingdom. Furthermore, factories all over the UK had come to a standstill as workers demanded safer working conditions. Prostitutes took to parading up and down Piccadilly Circus in "most indecent attire," demanding that the government recognize and protect their places of employment. The Queen secluded herself within the walls of Windsor Castle for six months in the hope that the situation would improve, though Gladstone believed that this downward spiral would continue for years to come. However, he assured his supporters that Britain would never have a Margaret Thatcher, female Prime Minister. The Queen was particularly upset to learn that her "once dear friend" Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Empress Augusta of the German Empire had taken to wearing a short skirt and was an adherent of President Woodhull's theory of a woman's right to orgasm. Queen Victoria held the President entirely responsible for what she perceived as the downfall of civilization, the chaos overwhelming Britain and Europe, the alienation of her sons and the disgrace of her daughters. After serving the maximum one term prescribed by law, President Woodhull left office on March 4, 1877. Her daughter Zula Maud Woodhull subsequently served as United States Attorney General, Attorney General from 1904 to 1908. Queen Victoria's letters to President Woodhull were included in ''A Correspondence Between the Victorias: An Insight into the Decline of Victorianism, 1872–1880'', written by the latter's descendant Dr. Wiantha Woodhull and published by Femme Fatale Press in 1992.


Y


Ralph Yarborough

* Ralph Yarborough was
Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
's successor as president in Mitchell J. Freedman's novel ''A Disturbance of Fate''. He serves two terms and subsequently is killed during the events of the "Second Civil War".


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Fictional Presidencies Of Historical Figures (V-Z), List Of Lists of fictional presidents of the United States